The ethical actions are important because of the priority of the mission goal and their close relationship with SOCIAL progress and development. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the identification and SOCIAL analysis of these types of actions among the verses of revelation and it deals with the effect of ethical actions in the production of SOCIAL capital in the process of progress based on religious teachings and answers these questions based on the Quranic teachings. What impact do ethical actions (BEHAVIOR) have on the formation of SOCIAL progress? How do moral actions generate SOCIAL capital and influence progress (development)? What coordinates, examples and dimensions does this group of actions have? What are the effects and consequences of this group of actions? Those actions that are desirable and progressive in the development of SOCIAL interactions have been SOCIALly studied, analyzed and searched by using the inductive content analysis method. Honesty, trustworthiness and fulfillment of an obligation, altruism (Arabic: إیثار, self-sacrifice), asking forgiveness or istighfār (Arabic: استغفار ʾistiġfār), and forgiving others, kindness, non-violence, chastity and purity, patience and honesty and benevolent actions combined with SOCIAL supervision have been discussed, which lead to sincerity, togetherness, coherence and expansion of SOCIAL interactions and emotional relationships far from hatred and warm and emotional relationships and as a result, it causes the production of SOCIAL capital and its improvement and will lead to the density of actions focused on purpose and excellence that are necessary for progress.

Introduction: Alternative punishments of imprisonment, which are called as a new approach of the penal system to fight against the negative consequences of prison, have many effects and consequences that need to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, while examining the types of alternative punishments, the moral and SOCIAL effects of the implementation of these punishments have been explored. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using an analytical-descriptive method. In this study, in order to provide an appropriate answer to the question presented, by referring to the theoretical bases (books) and articles published in the ISC, Magiran, Civilica, SID and Ensani in the years 2011 to 2023 and with the method of extracting the existing legal provisions, the effectiveness of this type of punishment was also criticized in reaching the intended goals. Conclusion: The results of this study show that with the implementation of such punishments, the level of public trust, the growth of morals and SOCIAL capital in the society will also improve. Therefore, the implementation of these punishments, while reducing the criminal population of prisoners and reforming them, provides better implementation of SOCIAL justice and improvement of public trust, emotional and financial support for the families of criminals

Environment and its conservation is one of the present issues in risky modern life. Although, the present world has been improving during last years, it hasn’t been able to solve environmental problems and it has caused its deterioration. Littering in jungle, seashore, public places and passages is one of the significant environmental issues in society of Iran. The Purpose of the present study is investigation of the reasons of littering formation by the approach of Causal Layered Analyses (CLA) and planning scenario. The present study analyzed the layers forming the present SOCIAL issue and searched the origin of it. In order to accomplish this study, 15 experts in environment and society were interviewed by Qualitative and exploring method and applying deep interview technique. Then, after exploiting the contents and content analysis of interviews, their opinions presented in 4 forms as litany, systematic, discourse analysis and metaphor. By applying the present discourses, the gap between state-people and people-people were recognized as important variables and were applied in presenting scenario. Finally 4 scenarios presented in a diagram which can help strategists and officials of the society.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel BEHAVIOR presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel BEHAVIOR due to the differences in various physical developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel BEHAVIOR were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational centers and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel BEHAVIOR due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel BEHAVIOR regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel BEHAVIOR has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel BEHAVIOR, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel BEHAVIOR, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel BEHAVIOR, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel BEHAVIOR due to the differences in various physical developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel BEHAVIOR or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which physical and non-physical characteristics affect travel BEHAVIOR due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel BEHAVIOR. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel BEHAVIOR were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel BEHAVIOR were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel BEHAVIOR were due to the differences in study areas and which factors affect travel BEHAVIOR regardless of development patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel BEHAVIOR due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel BEHAVIOR, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between physical and non-physical factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel BEHAVIOR, the factors affecting travel BEHAVIOR owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel BEHAVIOR due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel BEHAVIOR regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different physical development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel BEHAVIOR due to the differences in patterns of physical development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel BEHAVIOR. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel BEHAVIOR and finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

This paper examines the liberal society that Popper lauds, that aims to be truly open, and discusses why another, more communitarian kind of society, particularly societies in Africa, may also reflect the quest for intellectual openness that is Popper’s ideal. Moreover, this paper avers reasons why Popper should be comfortable with such a liberal-communitarian mix. The inter-subjectivity in his critical rationalism is a balance of an explicit individualism, and an implicit SOCIAL element (Afisi, 2016a). Popper is indeed an author of such a balance. For a society to be truly open requires the careful recognition and protection of individual freedom. However, the extent to which individuals are free to perform actions that they desire without external constraints, and the level of their individuality in relation to others when performing such actions, remain a contentious issue between liberals and more communitarian thinkers. Popper’s critical rationalism provides the necessary impetus to this contention through his view of freedom that I contend can best be viewed as carefully balanced, a view which combines individuality with a SOCIAL element that upholds community values necessary for openness of society. With this combination, Popper’s politics of liberalism provides an effective model of how a truly open society can be achieved. The values inherent to Popper’s liberalism including those concerning intellectual openness, individual freedom, mutual respect, measured self-respect, welfarism, humanitarianism, accountability, critical debates and feedback from the citizens, together concern the conditions for a society to be truly open. There are many competing thoughts as to what openness might be in Popper’s philosophy. The present study of Popper does not presume to address them all. The focus here is specifically on using Popper’s idea of critical rationalism to balance relations between liberal politics of individual rights and freedom, and communitarian politics of the common good, as it relates to situations about how socio-economic and political conditions in Africa societies should be structured. While I contend that Popper’s works in political philosophy focused centrally on Western political tradition, and not about Africa in its strict sense, significant lessons can be distilled from Popper that can offer suggestions on SOCIAL reforms in Africa. This paper explores Popper’s project of the open society across the plurality and differences of societies, so that his liberal ideas of individual freedom are not undermined, and the progress of the communitarian idea of the common good, that Africa societies are built upon, is also well enhanced. Liberal individualism and community values inherent to communitarianism are both well accommodated within Popper’s critical rationalism.

The aim of the current research is to determine the impact of SOCIAL networks in creating dramatic collective BEHAVIORs in urban public spaces. The research approach in this quantitative study, the research method in terms of objective, fundamental-applied and the method of data collection, is a descriptive survey type. The statistical population of the current study includes all people over 15 years old living in Kerman. Based on random cluster sampling method, 384 people were selected and examined. In order to collect data in the field part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used with a reliability coefficient of 0. 79. He is a resident of Kerman. Also, to test the hypotheses of the research, sample t-test, Pearson correlation, and regression were used. The results obtained from the hypothesis test show It showed that the average of all items is higher than 3 (theoretical average). Also, the correlation values ​​between the research components with the amount of use of SOCIAL networks are at a medium and high level. So that in today's world, no society can claim that it will be safe from the effects of this crisis. Today's religious and national identities, each in a different way, are facing some kind of crisis and inappropriate collective BEHAVIOR. The highest correlation value between the amount of use of SOCIAL networks and dramatic collective BEHAVIORs is in the dimension of SOCIAL phobia (R=0. 518). Therefore, despite the fact that the media causes the development and strengthening of cohesion in many cases, but in the individual aspect,

Introduction: Bullying at school is a type of interpersonal violence that could have serious short-term and long-term consequences for both the bullying and the victimized students. Therefore, it is essential to identify the underlying causes. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between SOCIAL BEHAVIOR, SOCIAL preference, SOCIAL competence, and bullying BEHAVIORs among students by considering the moderating role of gender. . Method: This study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all 13-15-year old students in Kashan. Using cluster sampling, 414 students (202 females & 212 males) were chosen. The participants filled in Illinois Bullying Scale (2001), Warden & Mackinnon SOCIAL BEHAVIOR Questionnaire (2003), and Smart and Sanson SOCIAL Competence Questionnaire (2003), and Sociogram. Results: Pearson correlation coefficients showed that there are significant, negative relationships between bullying with SOCIAL competence and SOCIAL BEHAVIOR and positive correlation between bullying and SOCIAL rejection. There was no relationship between bullying and SOCIAL acceptance. Moreover, regression analysis indicates that gender (β =. 17, t=4. 11), SOCIAL BEHAVIOR (β =-0. 43, t=-9. 0), and SOCIAL rejection (β =. 11, t=2. 65) can predict 30% of the variance in the bullying BEHAVIOR. Furthermore, gender has a moderating role only in the relationship between SOCIAL rejection and SOCIAL BEHAVIOR with bullying BEHAVIOR. Conclusion: The results suggest the critical importance of competence, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR, and SOCIAL preference in causing bullying BEHAVIORs. Hence, bullying BEHAVIORs could be decreased by designing and implementing programs to teach SOCIAL BEHAVIOR for obtaining a desirable SOCIAL position among peers and especially reducing SOCIAL rejection and enhancing SOCIAL BEHAVIORs among male students.